博弈论与战略互动

谢林对博弈论与战略互动的分析以国际政治的“非零和游戏”特征为基本假定,他超越了理性主义的研究范畴,关注非理性因素在战略互动中的作用,并试图对非理性行为加以分析。战略行动的本质是通过自己的行动去影响他人对自己将如何行动的期望从而影响他人的选择,并最终形成有利于自己的结果。     

浅析商业性体育赛事的财务风险管理

商业性体育赛事的组织者要想在激烈的竞争中生存下来,并谋求长足发展,在赛事运作过程中就要尽可能实现"财务状况最优"和"利润最大"。然而,商业性体育赛事运作过程中的存在各种风险,要实现利润最大化,就要尽可能的采取各种措施来规避或减少可能导致损失的各项风险,避免风险造成损失或使损失控制在最小范围内,争取把潜在收益成为现实的可能性,以实现赛事利润最大化的财务管理目标。     

Private game farming and its social consequences in post-apartheid South Africa: contestations over wildlife,property and agrarian futures

Spaces of privatised wildlife production, in the form of game farms, private nature reserves and other forms of wildlife-oriented land use, are an increasingly prominent feature of the South African countryside. Whilst there is a well-developed literature on the social impacts of state-run protected areas, the outcomes of privatised wildlife production have thus far received little attention. It is argued here that the socio-spatial dynamics of the wildlife industry, driven by capitalist imperatives related to the commodified production of nature and ‘wilderness’, warrant both in-depth investigation in their own right, and contextualisation in terms of broader processes of agrarian change locally as well as globally. The growing influence of trophy hunting and the wildlife industry on private land can be seen as a significant contributing factor to processes of deagrarianisation that are mirrored in other parts of the African continent and elsewhere. In South Africa, these developments and their impacts on the livelihoods of farm dwellers take on an added dimension in the context of the country's efforts to implement a programme of post-apartheid land reform. Two decades after the formal end of apartheid, contestations over land rights and property ownership remain live and often unresolved. This theme issue explores these dynamics on private land partly or wholly dedicated to wildlife production, with special emphasis on two South African provinces: KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape.     

Game fences in the Karoo: reconfiguring spatial and social relations

In this article, we discuss how farm conversions to wildlife habitats result in the reconfiguration of spatial and social relations on white-owned commercial farms in the Karoo region of the Eastern Cape in South Africa. Farmers and landowners justify such conversions stressing economic and ecological rationales. We illustrate how conversions are (also) a reaction to post-apartheid land reform and labour legislation policies, which white farmers and landowners perceive as a serious threat. They seek to legitimate their position in society and reassert their place on the land by claiming a new role as nature conservationists. We argue that game farms should be interpreted as economically and politically contested spaces for three reasons: (1) whereas landowners present the farm workers' displacement from game farms as the unintended by-product of a changing rural economy, the creation of ‘pristine’ wilderness seems designed to empty the land of farm dwellers who may lay claim to the land; (2) game farms further disconnect the historically developed links between farm dwellers and farms, denying them a place of residence and a base for multiple livelihood strategies; (3) this way the conversion process deepens farm dwellers' experiences of dispossession and challenges their sense of belonging. Game fences effectively define farm workers and dwellers as people out of place. These dynamics contrast government reform policies aimed at addressing historical injustices and protecting farm dwellers' tenure security.     

论著作权制度中的利益博弈与利益平衡

目前,我国已经着手对著作权法进行第二次修改。在考虑我国著作权法的修改问题时,如何从利益平衡的角度思考其中的利益博弈并寻求合作均衡,不但符合博弈各方的利益,对于达到修改著作权法的目的、实现整个社会的文学、艺术和科学事业的繁荣亦具有直接作用。这种利益博弈和利益平衡的辨析正是研究著作权法、探讨其中具体的保护性规定和限制性规定的魅力所在。具体到著作权法修改中的利益博弈和利益平衡来看,应在客观分析利益博弈现实的基础上,充分考虑利益博弈方的理性需求,将著作权制度中的权、责、利进一步明晰化,实现科学的利益分配和均衡,尽可能地避免利益博弈所带来的不必要的成本消耗。     

中药知识产权国际化保护问题的实效方法论应用——以中美对中药保护最佳路径选择为视角

解决中药知识产权保护问题离不开国际化因素的考量,但是国际化并不能等同于西方化,尤其是美国化的西药审批及保护标准,这是中医入欧盟零注册危机给国人的最新启示。从专利特别保护、传统知识特别保护及公用知识无保护三种主要路径对中美中药市场竞争的影响出发,应用实效方法论的重要工具博弈均衡理论,对中美中药及植物药保护的不同选择路径不同利益效果作了对比性的数据及逻辑分析。研究发现,我国对中药知识产权国际化保护的最佳选择应是理清中药作为传统知识的知识产权地位,而促进美国对植物药的专利化具备利益的可行性。建议在构建国内中药传统知识保护的专门法律制度的同时,创建性地促进中药的科技创新、国际合作以及相关国际公约的修改。     

主观博弈论视角下的两岸政治互信初探

本文从主观博弈论的视角指出两岸的政治互信就是我们在互为＂他者＂的情境下,互相理解,然后形成共同理解。通过对政治互信演进轨迹的历史分析,梳理出政治互信的逻辑起点、关键节点和路径依赖机制。最后对增进政治互信提出一种现实建构,即一种公共秩序和集体行动逻辑的达成,以及制度创新和文化实践的促动。     

中国海洋渔业资源管理的博弈分析及制度改进

本文以公共资源利用方式为切入点,运用利益相关者博弈均衡分析方法对现行中国海洋渔业资源管理的制度选择进行了理论解释,尝试性地在理论上拓展了自组织的实现方式,建立了关联博弈模型,提出了有效利用海洋渔业资源的方式:即地方政府投资建造公共渔船网具等渔业生产资料,并在一定的条件下将使用权转让给渔民,实现产权私有、政府干预和利用者的群众组织三种方式的优势互补,从而指出解决中国海洋渔业资源优化配置问题的制度改进思路。     

浅析我国知识产权法法制建设——从知识产权的法经济博弈角度

随着科技的日益发展,知识资产的重要性和保护性已经越来越成为人们关注的焦点,知识资产的独占性而产生的经济效益更是无可置疑的,对于知识产权法制保护刚刚起步的我国,如何对知识产权保护力度的定量,是我国未来知识产权法典形成的必要基础,因此对我国知识产权法的法制建设提出几点建议:一是建立限制知识产权滥用的规范性;二是规定具体化;三是善于法经济分析;四是与国际接轨;五是加强和完善特有的知识产权优势。     

浅析解决南海争端的策略——基于博弈论的视角

南海地区自古就是中国领土。随着南海地区丰富资源的发现,周边国家纷纷染指南中国海,侵占南海海域,对我国的主权提出了严峻挑战。对于南海相关各方,如何在维护地区和平的前提下解决南海争端就成了备受关注的话题。本文基于博弈论的视角,就相关各方解决南海争端的策略进行简要分析,以期为解决南海问题建言献策。